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MANIPULATION involves a fast thrusting movement. This procedure is often accompanied by a pop or click which is the result of the release of pressure and pain in the joint, similar to cracking one’s knuckles. This phenomenon is known as cavitation. Sometimes a manipulation may have a lasting effect, but often it is temporary. 
MOBILISATION consists of small passive movements, usually applied as a series of gentle stretches in a smooth, rhythmic fashion to the individual vertebrae. They are applied at various locations on each of the affected vertebrae/joints, and at various angles, directed at relieving restriction in movement at any particular level of the spine. Mobilisation stretches stiff joints to restore range. It also relieves pain by using special techniques. For example, it is especially effective with arthritic joints.Mobilisations may be administered in various gradations or degrees of pressure. Very gentle “mobes” are used for very sensitive or acute patients to initiate more normal movement.It is the procedure of choice when a patient has severe muscle spasm and must be “finessed” into relaxation and stretching. Overall, mobilisation is a safe, gentle, and effective alternative to manipulation.
MASSAGE is the application of touch or force to soft tissues such as muscles, tendons, or ligaments, without causing movement or change of joint position. Massage is different from Mobilisation and Manupulation, both of which focuses on causing movement to the hard-tissues such as the vertebra.
Both massage and manipulation can be carried out by our experts at Tyrrell Physiotherapy, Swords, Co. Dublin.
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